Hi,
Ensure that the mesh resolution is appropriate, especially in the regions of interest (θ=120°~240°). Grid quality and resolution can significantly impact the accuracy of your simulation. You may need to refine the mesh in these areas to capture the flow and heat transfer more accurately. Ensure that the boundary layer is well-resolved near the tube wall. The discrepancies in heat transfer can often be related to insufficient resolution of the boundary layer. You may need to refine the mesh near the tube wall and apply an appropriate turbulence model to capture the boundary layer accurately.
Thank you.
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